By R. Amul. University of North Dakota--Lake Region.
Percentages and Decimals • To convert a decimal to a percentage generic 30mg actos visa, multiply by 100 – move the decimal point two places to the right buy actos 15mg mastercard. It is unlikely that you will need to calculate the percentage of something on the ward buy 45mg actos free shipping. It is more likely that you will need to know how much drug is in a solution given as a percentage buy actos 30mg amex, e. We will be dealing with how percentages are used to describe drug strengths or concentrations in Chapter 5, ‘Drug strengths or concentrations’. The aim of this chapter is to explain the concept of per cent and how to do simple percentage calculations. It is important to understand per cent before moving on to percentage concentrations. Per cent means ‘parts of a hundred’ or a ‘proportion of a hundred’ and the symbol for per cent is %. Percentages are often used to give a quick indication of a specific quantity and are very useful when making comparisons. If you consider a town where 5,690 people live and the unemployment number is 853, it is very difficult to visualize exactly how many or what proportion of the people are unemployed. It is much easier to say that in a town of 5,690 people, 15 per cent of them are unemployed. If we consider another town of 11,230 people where 2,246 people are unemployed, it is very difficult, at a glance, to see which town has the greater proportion of unemployed. But when the numbers are given as percentages, it is much easier to compare: the first town has 15 per cent unemployment, whereas the second town has 20 per cent unemployed. Percentages can be very useful, and so is being able to convert a number to a percentage. So, to convert fractions and decimals to percentages or vice versa, you simply multiply or divide by 100. In both methods used, it can be seen that the number is always divided by 100; thus a simple formula can be devised. However, you may want to find out what percentage a number is of another larger number, especially when comparing numbers or quantities. In this case, it is best to work in percentages since that is what you want to find. In this example, 9,000 would be equal to 100% and you want to find out the percentage that is 630. As before, it is unlikely that you will need to find the percentage of something, but these calculations are included here in order to gain an understanding of per cent and percentages, especially where drugs are concerned. Work in the same units – in this case, work in millilitres as these are the units required in the answer: To convert to millilitres, multiply by 1,000 (see ‘Chapter 4 Units and Equivalences’ for a full explanation). Alternatively, you can use the formula: base amount = × per cent 100 Re-writing this as: what you’ve got × percentage required 100 where ‘what you’ve got’ = 1,250mL and the percentage required = 60%. Everything is already in the same units, milligrams (mg), so there is no need for any conversions. Alternatively, you can use the formula: 100 amount per cent= × amount or ×100 base base where amount = 125mg and base = 500mg. The percentage key [%] should be considered as a function and not as an operation such as add, subtract, multiply or divide. It is also important that the numbers and the percentage key [%] are pressed in the correct sequence; otherwise it is quite easy to get the wrong answer! What happens is, that by pressing the [=] button, you are multiplying 250 by 28% of 250 (i. To find the amount a percentage is of a given quantity or number, we used the following formula: base amount = ×per cent 100 The thing to remember is to multiply: [2][5][0] [×] [2][8] [%] It also reminds us in which order to enter the numbers. Once again, you can easily find the answer using the calculation: 630 × 100 9,000 Key in the sequence [6][3][0] [÷] [9][0][0][0] [×] [1][0][0] [=] to give an answer of 7%.
The two components have synergistic antibacterial effect and are always used together buy cheap actos 30 mg online. Teicoplanin and intravenous preparations of vancomycin are classified in this group best 15mg actos. Oral formulations and suppositories of imidazole derivatives are classified in P01 - Antiprotozoals actos 45mg with visa. Subdivision at the 4th level is made mainly according to indication cheap 30mg actos mastercard, while subdivision at the 5th level is mainly related to the manufacturing process. Combinations of vaccines within the same 3rd level are given separate 5th levels using the 50-series. Monovalent vaccines obtained from group A are classified at a separate 5th level, while other monovalent vaccines are classified together. Products containing oligosaccharides instead of polysaccharides may be included at each 5th level. The doses used vary substantially because of various types and severity of neoplastic diseases, and also because of the extensive use of combination therapy. The consumption of the antineoplastic agents is in some countries measured in grams. This is recommended as a method to be used internationally for these particular agents. This means that some strengths may be classified in this group, while remaining strengths are classified in G03 - Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system. The substances in this group have a broad range of indications, however, they should be kept together in M01A. Exception: Salicylates in combination with corticosteroids are classified in M01B. Combined cold preparations with therapeutic levels of antiinflammatory agents are classified in this group at separate 5th levels by using the 50- series. The preparations are classified at 5th levels according to the anti- inflammatory/analgesic component. Penicillamine, which is also used in conditions associated with impaired copper metabolism and as an antidot in copper poisoning, is classified in this group regardless of indication. Exception is a product containing diclofenac formulated as a 3% hyaluronic acid gel which is used in treatment of actinic keratoses. Combinations of non-steroidal antiinflammatory derivatives and other substances for topical use are classified together with plain preparations at the different 5th levels. Combinations of salicylic acid derivatives and other products are classified in this group. Combined preparations are classified at separate 5th levels using the corresponding 50-series (comb. These drugs are used in different conditions associated with pain and rigidity in the muscles, joints etc. Combinations used for cold conditions, containing quinine as an antipyretic, are classified in R05X. All ibuprofen preparations are classified in M01A, even if they are only intended for use as pain relief. Salicylic acid derivatives in combination with corticosteroids are classified in M01B. There are a number of combined preparations, which contain analgesics and psycholeptics. These are classified in N02, as pain relief must be regarded as the main indication. Codeine or dihydrocodeine in combination with other analgesics are classified in this group at separate 5th levels by using the 50-series, if the codeine or dihydrocodeine content is 20 mg or more per unit dose. Combinations with a lower content of codeine or dihydrocodeine are classified at the respective 4th levels in N02B or M01A of the other analgesic components (e.