By S. Hatlod. Chicago-Kent College of Law.
Foster good relationships with the media in ‘peacetime’ by briefing them on wetland issues 10 mg sinequan visa. If dealing with the media does not bring benefits sinequan 10mg overnight delivery, then do not be afraid to say no to journalists - you will not offend them or ruin your relationship cheap sinequan 10mg visa, they are used to hearing no discount 10 mg sinequan, they respect it and often expect it. It will help to determine scenarios when you will proactively use the media and when you will only react to enquiries. If you are responding to an inquiry, ask beforehand what is the nature and angle of the media story so you have opportunity to prepare and do some background research. Ensure that what you say is evidence-based (qualify the certainty of your statements if necessary), avoid speculation and stick to your area of expertise. It is key is to get people to stick to the plan and not panic – this is sometimes hard! Long before a case had been diagnosed in westerncase had been diagnosed in western Europe the media had, by its own admission, ‘gone to town’ on the story andthe story and its potential threats to human health inits potential threats to human health in particular. The stories invariably discussed the bird infection, wild bird migration andthe bird infection, wild bird migration and a human pandemic together as if all werea human pandemic together as if all were closely linked, and the latter was inevitableclosely linked, and the latter was inevitable and possibly imminent. In general, thegeneral, the coverage was misleading and led to publiccoverage was misleading and led to public misunderstanding of the threat from birdsmisunderstanding of the threat from birds and thus was detrimental to conservationand thus was detrimental to conservation as measured by various means such asas measured by various means such as Figure 3-19. Sensationalist media coverage: photolist media coverage: photo significantly reduced visitation to naturesignificantly reduced visitation to nature montage of ducks over London in national newspaper. This case study documents some lessons learned from dealing with this unusual and very challenging time:This case study documents some lessons learned from dealing with this unusual and very challenging time:This case study documents some lessons learned from dealing with this unusual and very challenging time: When an outbreak occurs it is easy to get completely overwhelmed by journalists, media and the generalWhen an outbreak occurs it is easy to get completely overwhelmed by journalists, media and the general public demanding information and/or organisational statements. Because of this, it is important andpublic demanding information and/or organisational statements. Because of this, it is important andpublic demanding information and/or organisational statements. The extent to which this is possible depends on organisationalresponse to an outbreak. The extent to which this is possible depends on organisationalresponse to an outbreak. It is helpful to have: One or two people to be spokespeople with all media queries directed to them. Someone to keep up-to-date with a rapidly changing situdate with a rapidly changing situation, accumulating news andation, accumulating news and disseminating it to the organisation and interested parties. Making sure that all staff are well informed of any new developments (they may be approached byMaking sure that all staff are well informed of any new developments (they may be approached byMaking sure that all staff are well informed of any new developments (they may be approached by journalists too) using: i. Intra/internet updatesIntra/internet updates Easy access to information for journalists and the general public. Agree on the message but be ready to adapt iton the message but be ready to adapt it constantly as new facts emerge. Use sympathetic journalists/media to get across your views to specific/targeted audiences. Use sympathetic journalists/media to get across your views to specific/targeted audiences. Use sympathetic journalists/media to get across your views to specific/targeted audiences. Much of the background information and accompanying text can be prepared inplanning. Much of the background information and accompanying text can be prepared inplanning. Much of the background information and accompanying text can be prepared in advance of a case of H5N1. Different scenarios can be envisaged and the appropriate information for eachadvance of a case of H5N1. Different scenarios can be envisaged and the appropriate information for eachadvance of a case of H5N1.
Temporal relationship The next characteristic that should be considered is the temporal relationship between the purported cause and effect buy generic sinequan 10mg line. In order to have a temporal relationship generic 25mg sinequan, there should be an appropriate chronological sequence of events found by the study generic sinequan 75mg without a prescription. The disease progression should follow a predictable path from risk-factor exposure to the outcome and that pattern should be reproducible from study to study generic sinequan 10mg fast delivery. For example, some smokers quit smoking just prior to getting sick with lung cancer. While they may attribute their illness to quitting, the illness was present long before they finally decided to quit. In this case, the cancer may appear to be the cause and the cessation of smoking the effect. The causality may be difficult to determine in many cases, especially with slowly progressive and chronic diseases. Dose–response The dose–response gradient can help define cause and effect if there are varying concentrations of the cause and varying degrees of association with the effect. Usually, the association becomes stronger with increasing amounts of exposure Applicability and strength of evidence 195 to the cause. However, some cause-and-effect relationships show the opposite correlation, with increasing strength of association when exposure decreases. An example of this inverse relationship is the connection between vitamin intake and birth defects. As the consumption of folic acid increases in a population, the incidence of neural tube birth defects decreases. The direction and magnitude of the effect should also show a consistent dose–response gradient. This gradient can be demonstrated in randomized clinical trials and cohort studies but not in case–control or descriptive studies. In general, we would expect that an increased dose or duration of the cause would produce an increased risk or severity of the effect. The risk of lung cancer decreases among former smokers as the time from giving up smoking increases. In these cases, the risk is highest at both increased and decreased rates of exposure while it is lowest in the middle. For example, a recent study of the effect of obesity on mor- tality showed a higher mortality among patients with the highest and lowest body mass index with the lowest mortality among people with the mid-range levels of body mass index. Biological plausibility When trying to decide on applicability of study results, biological plausibility should be considered. The results of the study should be consistent with what we know about the biology of the body, cells, tissues, and organs, and with data from various branches of biological sciences. There should be some basic science in- vitro bench or animal studies to support the conclusions and previously known biologic mechanisms should be able to explain the results. Is there a reason in biology that men and women smokers will have different rates of lung cancer? For some medical issues, gender, ethnicity, or cultural background has a huge influence while for other medical issues the influence is very little. To determine which areas fall into each category, more studies of gender and other differences for medical interventions are required. Coherence of the evidence over time In order to have strong evidence, there should be consistency of the evidence over varying types of studies. The results of a cohort study should be similar to those of case–control or cross-sectional studies done on the same cause-and- effect relationship. Studies that show consistency with previously known epi- demiological data are said to evidence epidemiological consistency.
Lupinos amaros pulueriza et in aceto bullias buy generic sinequan 10 mg on-line,a et inde capillos frica inter manus 25 mg sinequan free shipping. Take ants’ eggs cheap sinequan 25 mg, red orpiment buy sinequan 25mg without a prescription, and gum of ivy, mix with vinegar, and rub the areas. Take root of greater celandine and madder, grind each and with oil in which cumin and boxwood shavings and greater celandine and a little bit of crocus have been carefully cooked, anoint the head. And let it stay anointed day and night, and wash it with a cleanser of cabbage ash and barley chaff. Grind root of danewort with oil and anoint the head, and tie it on the head with leaves. Take agrimony and elm bark, root of vervain, root of willow, southernwood, burnt and pulverized linseed, [and] root of reed. Cook all these things with goat milk or water, and wash the area (having first shaved it). Let cabbage stalks and roots be pulverized, and let pul- verized shavings of boxwood or ivory be mixed with them, and it should be pure yellow. Grind root of marsh mallow with pork grease, and you should make it boil for a long time in wine. Afterward put in well- ground cumin and mastic and well-cooked egg yolks, and mix them together a little. After they have been cooked, strain [this mixture] through a linen cloth and set it aside until it becomes cold. Then take the fatty residue which floats on the top and, having washed the head well, you should anoint it with it. Take myrtleberry, broom, [and] clary, and cook them in vinegar until thevinegar has been consumed, and with this rub the ends of the hair vigorously. Primo abluatc faciemd cum sapone gallico et cum aqua calida optime et cum colatura fur- furis abluat se in balneo. Recipe tartarum pera frustra et in peciab noua inuolue et intingatur in forti aceto, ita ut totum sit madidum,c et tunc ponatur ad ignem donec carbonescat. Postead ponatur in scutella ferrea et inter digitos commisceatur cum oleo, et sic per tres uel quatuor noctese aeri expo- natur, et stet in una parte decliuis ita quod oleum manare possit. Accipeb frumentum uel ordeum recens dumc adhuc est in lacte, et in mortario fortiter tere, et pista, et pone aquam in triplo, et ibi dimitte donec putrefiat. Postea totum exprime et soli exponed donec aqua ex totoe desiccetur et hoc usui reserua. Post inunc- tionem psilotri, eat ad balneum, et facieme bene siccatam cum panno, illiniat hocf psilotro, quod sic fit. Et hiis resolutis, addatur gutta parua galbani,b diu coquanturc mouendo cum spatula. Hoc facto, ab igne deponatur, et cum fuerit tepidum, faciem suam liniat,e tamen caueat a superciliis. On Women’s Cosmetics On Adornment of Women’s Faces [] After beautifying the hair, the face ought to be adorned, [because] if its adornment is done beautifully, it embellishes even ugly women. First of all, let her wash her face very well with French soap and with warm water, and with a straining of bran let her wash herself in the bath. Take tartar and [break] it into little bits, and wrap it in a new piece [of cloth] and dip it in strong vinegar so that it be- comes thoroughly soaked, and then let it be placed on the fire until it turns to coals. Then let it be placed on an iron bowl and let it be mixed together be- tween the fingers with oil. And thus for three or four nights leave it exposed to the air, and let it stay in an inclined spot so that the oil is able to flow out. Having collected this oil in a jug, let thewoman anoint her face for seven nights and as many days, and even for fifteen days if she has an abscessed and freckled complexion. And if she is embarrassed to anoint her face during the day, let her anoint it at night, and in the morning let her wash it with warm water in which fatty residue of starch is dissolved in order to soften it. Take grain or fresh barley while it is still in milk, and grind it vigorously in a mortar, and pound it, and put in three parts water, and let it stay there until it putrefies. Then press out the whole thing and expose it to the sun until the water is thoroughly evaporated and reserve this for [later] use. Afterward, let her wash her face, just as we previously prescribed the whole body should be washed.
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