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Boost intake of fibre purchase rogaine 2 60 ml without a prescription, eat more fish cheap rogaine 2 60 ml visa, potassium-rich foods order rogaine 2 60 ml online, garlic discount 60 ml rogaine 2 visa, soy, and onions and drink green tea instead of coffee. It is an impor- tant component of cell membranes and is used in the formation of various hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, progesterone and cortisol, and bile acids. We get additional cholesterol from diet when we eat foods containing saturated fat and cholesterol. There are many natural ways to effectively lower cholesterol; following a healthy diet and getting regular exercise are essential. If left untreated, high cho- lesterol can form plaques inside the arteries (atherosclerosis). This reduces blood flow to the heart, which may cause chest pain, and increases the risk of heart disease. If this blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the heart, a heart attack occurs; if it blocks blood flow to the brain, a stroke occurs. Drugs are used when lifestyle changes are not enough or if the person is not willing to make the necessary changes. The most commonly used drugs include: Bile acid-binding resins: These drugs lower cholesterol by binding to bile acids, sub- stances required for digestion. This causes the liver to use excess cholesterol to make more bile acids, which reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol-absorption inhibitors: This is a new class of drugs that reduces the ab- sorption of dietary cholesterol. They inhibit the ac- tion of an enzyme in the liver that is required for cholesterol production. They may also help the body reabsorb cholesterol from accumulated deposits on the artery walls. Examples include Lipitor (atorvastatin), Lescol (fluvastatin), Mevacor (lovas- H tatin), Pravachol (pravastatin), Crestor (rosuvastatin), and Zocor (simvastatin). These drugs require close monitoring as they can cause liver toxicity and muscle wasting. Higher amounts can be hard on the liver and increase blood pres- sure and the risk of heart disease. Nuts contain fibre and nutrients such as vitamin E, alpha-linolenic acid, magnesium, potassium, and arginine, which are important for heart health. Although nuts are high in calories, some studies have found that increasing nut consumption by several hundred calories per day does not cause weight gain. Insoluble fibre, which is found in whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, does not lower cholesterol, but studies have shown that it helps protect against heart disease. Substituting as little as 20 g per day of soy protein for animal protein can significantly lower cholesterol. Oat bran is rich in a soluble fibre called beta-glucan, which has been shown to lower cholesterol levels. Foods to avoid: • Foods high in cholesterol should be minimized (including organ meats, egg yolks, and whole milk products). H • Saturated fat, which is present in animal foods (beef, pork, and dairy) and certain oils (palm oil), can raise cholesterol levels and is associated with increased heart disease risk. The 2 percent refers to the fraction of volume filled by fat, not the percentage of calories coming from fat. Many snack food companies are now making products that are free of trans fatty acids. Losing even 5–10 percent of excess weight can lower cholesterol lev- els, and reduce other risk factors for heart disease. Within one year of quitting, your risk of heart disease is half of that of a smoker’s. Moderate intensity activities, such as brisk walking, biking, or swim- ming, can reduce cholesterol, support weight loss, and reduce other risk factors for chronic disease. Stress causes the liver to increase the production of cholesterol, which is used to make stress hormones.
Milled flaxseed provides the beneficial oils discount rogaine 2 60 ml on-line, fibre safe rogaine 2 60 ml, and lignans (phy- toestrogens) that may help in cancer prevention cheap 60 ml rogaine 2 free shipping. The body cannot digest these substances purchase rogaine 2 60 ml on-line, but they serve as a food for probiotics (friendly bacteria) in the digestive tract, so are known as prebiotics. Research shows benefits for nausea associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and upset stomach. It is an antioxidant, improves blood circulation by dilating blood vessels, and reduces the stickiness of blood platelets. Research sup- ports benefits for Alzheimer’s disease, improving memory and cognitive function, and treatment of intermittent claudication and anxiety. Side effects are rare and minor (upset stomach, headaches, and skin reactions); it may enhance the blood- thinning effect of anticoagulants, so dosage adjustments may be necessary. Ginseng has adaptogen properties (helps the body deal with stress, whether physical or emo- tional) and enhances immune function. Research supports benefits for strengthening immunity from colds, flus, and other infections, improving physical performance and a sense of well-being, and enhancing mental function. Ginseng may enhance the blood sugar-lowering effects of insulin or diabetic med- ications and may decrease the effect of blood-thinning drugs. It is generally well tolerated, but there are some reports of nervousness, insomnia, and upset stomach. It is not recommended during pregnancy, breast-feeding, or by those with breast cancer. It is commonly used to support immune function, mental acuity, and athletic performance and to help reduce the effects of stress. Numerous studies have found that it can improve osteoarthritis symptoms (joint pain, mobility); it may also prevent the progression of the disease. Research supports benefits for chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, pre- vention of blood clots while flying, and reducing post-surgical edema. Unlike black and oolong tea, it is not fermented, which preserves the active constituents. It is used for heart health, cancer prevention, cervical dysplasia, weight loss, liver disease, and gum health. Research has demonstrated that it can improve the heart’s pumping action and is helpful in the treatment of congestive heart failure. It is generally well tolerated; side effects are minor and may include dizziness, upset stomach, headache, and skin rash. It has anti-cancer properties, aids in detoxification of estrogen, reduces the levels of free radicals, and protects liver func- tion. It has been shown in preliminary research to reduce estrogen-promoted cancers (cervical and breast). Many studies have shown that when combined with calcium, it can slow and even reverse bone breakdown; it also helps reduce the pain of fractures caused by osteoporosis. It is generally well tolerated; one study found that long-term use (three years) reduced levels of lymphocytes (white blood cells). Supplements of lecithin are broken down in the body into choline, which promotes methylation and is used to make acetylcholine, a nerve chemical essential for proper brain function. Some research supports benefits for liver disease; lowering homocysteine; and the treatment of bipolar, Alzheimer’s, and other neurological disorders. It may raise blood pressure, lower testosterone in men, and have estrogenic effects; it is not recommended during pregnancy, breast-feeding, or for use by those with cancer. Research supports benefits for prevention of prostate cancer and pre-eclampsia, and treatment of asthma; it may also help prevent macular degeneration, cataracts, and heart disease. Regular supplement use has been shown to prevent cold sores; it may also prevent genital herpes flare-ups. Supplements have been shown to help shorten the time needed to fall asleep, improve sleep quality, and help with disrupted sleep cycles (such as with travellers and shift workers). It may also help in the treatment of depression, seasonal affective disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, cluster headaches, and to improve quality of life in cancer patients. It is well tolerated and does not cause next-day drowsiness; it is not recommended dur- ing pregnancy or breast-feeding. It may be helpful for osteoarthritis, recovery from sports injuries, and for growth of nails and hair, although research is preliminary.
Non-hemolytic streptococci Normal flora of the external auditary meatus It is an extension of skin normal flora and often profusely colonized purchase 60 ml rogaine 2 overnight delivery. Extensive tissue destruction with necrosis of muscle discount 60 ml rogaine 2 amex, foul smelling discharge and gas under the skin buy rogaine 2 60 ml visa. Dirty wound Laboratory diagnosis: Specimen: Swab from lesion rogaine 2 60 ml without prescription, ulcer and discharge. Culture: Blood agar medium and Mac Conkey agar medium Biochemical and sensitivity testing for microbe identification. Diagnosis: Specimen: Lavage/drainage of sinuses Procedure: Gram staining, culture, biochemical testing, serological testing and sensitivity testing Treatment: Amoxicillin/ampicillin Co-trimoxazole 2. Chronic suppurative otitis media Long standing ear disease characterized by periods of exacerbation with profuse ear discharge and pain; and remission with relatively dry ear. Risk factors: History of acute or chronic otitis media Parental history of otitis media Crowding Causative agent: P. Treatment: Little role of oral antibiotic agents in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. Chronic sinusitis Painful sinusesand head ache are prominent symptoms; often associated with mucoid or purulent nasal discharge and nasal obstruction. Laboratory diagnosis: Specimen: Saline washings from the affected sinus Procedure: Gram staining, culture, biochemical and serological test for microbe identification. If antibiotic is given, it should be guided by sensitivity pattern or “best-guess” basis. Acute bronchitis It is an acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree generally self-limited and with eventual complete healing and return of function. Environmental irritants like indoor air pollution and tobacco smoking Clinical features: Symptoms of upper respiratory infection proceed acute infectious bronchitis. Initially dry cough followed by productive cough with mucoid or mucopurulent expectoration, low grade fever and substernal chest pain. Laboratory diagnosis: Specimen: Sputum Procedure: Gram staining, culture, biochemical and serological test for microbe identification. Chronic bronchitis It is defined as chronic productive cough for at least three months in each of two successive years. Causative factors: Cigarette smoking Air pollution Exposure to noxious stimuli Clinical features: Chronic productive cough with mucoid expectoration, low grade fever, weakness, and occasional chest pain. It is characterized by remission and exacerbation of symptoms; the commonly exacerbating condition is superimposed bacterial infection. Bacteria that exacerbate chronic bronchitis are: Streptococcus pneumoniae Haempphilus influenzae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Branhamella catarrhalis Laboratory diagnosis: Specimen: Sputum Procedure: Gram staining, culture, biochemical and serological test for microbe identification. Clinical features: Sudden onset of fever, chills, sweating, and productive cough of purulent or blood streaking sputum and pleuritic chest pain. Procedure: Gram staining, culture, biochemical and serological test for microbe identification. Giardia lamblia causes diarrhea by physical coverage of the normal absorptive surface. Laboratory diagnosis: Specimen: Stool, rectal swab Wet mount preparation: Pus cells, red blood cells, parasites and ova. Incubation period and severity of disease in food infection is determined by inoculum of micro-organism ingested. Examples of food intoxication Organism Incubation period Clinical findings Related food item Bacillus cereus 1-6 hours Vomiting, cramp Rice, Pasta dishes Staphylococcus aureus 2-4 hours Vomiting Meat, Salads Clostridium botulinum 12-72 hours Flaccid paralysis Meat, Vegetables Table 4. Examples of food infection Organism Incubation period Clinical findings Related food item Bacillus cereus 6-24 hours Watery diarrhea Meat, Vegetables Salmonella spp. These are: Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus spp. Enterobacter aerogens Other important causative agents: Enterococci Staphylococcus saprophyticus 318 Routes of infection 1. Obstruction: Congenital anomalies in youngs and prostatic adenoma, stricture and calculi in olds. Lower urinary tract infection: Infection of urethra and bladder which manifests with frequency of micturition, pain during micturition, blood-stained or cloudy urine, supra pubic tenderness. Gram stain: The presence of one bacterium in Uncentrifuged gram stained urine confirms Urinary tract infection.